Wednesday, November 3, 2010

Alexa Gee- atom blog.

Democritus,J.J tompson,Dalton,Chadwick all contributed to the atom. They but there ideas together to build on each other to get the model we have today.

Democritus- was the first on who created the idea of an atom.

jj tompson-he discovered the first electron. He created the idea of the structure of the atom.

dalton-he created his atomic therory.

chadwick-discovered the nuetron.

the difference between scientist was they were all in different time periods and use different materials to figure atuff out.

the time periods helped with there discoveries in many ways because it affected the equipment they had to use.they also helped on each others discoveries.

the atomic theory is still a theory because it has not been proven every time sometimes it is wrong.

understanding the structure of an atom is very important because everything is based and made up of atoms.

Monday, September 27, 2010

Micah Allsup

The scientists who contributed to the discovery of the atom include: Democritus, John Dalton, J.J. Thompson, Rutherford, and Chadwick. All of their ideas came together and created what we call the atom.
-Democritus- was the first to come up with the term "atom". He stated that matter consisted of tiny particles that he named atom which comes from two Greek words meaning invincible.
- John Dalton- conducted a series of experiments and realized that these "atoms" had a definite composition by weight. Dalton then came up with a theory:
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
1. All matter is composed of very small indivisible particles called atoms
2. Atoms of the same element are alike in weight and other properties. Atoms
of different elements are different in weight and other properties.
3. Compounds are formed by the union or separation of definite numbers of atoms
4. Atoms do not divide in chemical reactions; only whole atoms unite with other atoms.
Dalton combined his studies with another chemist named Proust to come up with the Law of Definite Proportions. Dalton’s Theory also proves the law of conservation of mass which had previously been stated by Lavoisier.
The last scientist to make his theory about the atom was Niels Bohr in 1913.
It is important to know about the atom because we are all made up of them, and it makes up everything around us.

Micah Allsup

The scientists who contributed to the discovery of the atom include: Democritus, John Dalton, J.J. Thompson, Rutherford, and Chadwick. All of their ideas came together and created what we call the atom.
-Democritus- was the first to come up with the term "atom". He stated that matter consisted of tiny particles that he named atom which comes from two Greek words meaning invincible.
- John Dalton- conducted a series of experiments and realized that these "atoms" had a definite composition by weight. Dalton then came up with a theory:
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
1. All matter is composed of very small indivisible particles called atoms
2. Atoms of the same element are alike in weight and other properties. Atoms
of different elements are different in weight and other properties.
3. Compounds are formed by the union or separation of definite numbers of atoms
4. Atoms do not divide in chemical reactions; only whole atoms unite with other atoms.
Dalton combined his studies with another chemist named Proust to come up with the Law of Definite Proportions. Dalton’s Theory also proves the law of conservation of mass which had previously been stated by Lavoisier. The last scientist to make his theory about the atom was Niels Bohr in 1913.


It is important to know about the atom because we are all made up of them, and it makes up everything around us.

Chemistry

Not sure if I put this in the right spot.
Chemistry
The main characters of the development of the atom would be Democritus, John Dalton, Chadwick, and JJ Thompson. Democritus developed the coined the term "atom". He thought that one could break particles down and keep on doing so until it came to it's simplest form, calling them atoms. John Dalton was the first to propose the existence of atoms. Chadwick discovered the neutron and Thompson discovered the electron. The thing that made them different was that they worked with different materials since not all of them had the resources another person might have had. The time period between all theses scientist played a great roll because technology had a play in it and the most important thing was that they can study and research was is wrong and what can be right. Of course it mattered as to whether they had money and where they grew up. Without those subjects playing a role on the scientists life, they would probably and most likely go into a different profession that interests them.
The atomic theory is still a theory because it hasn't been proven every time it has been tested. It matters as to why we understand the structure of the atom because one can classify and understand properties better if we know how many protons, electrons, and neutrons reside within the atom.

Tabatha Secrease

History of the Atom

-Who were the main characters in the development of the atom?
-John Dalton
-J.J Thomson
-Ernest Rutherford
-Neils Bohr
-Lavosier
-Democritus
-Curie
-Mosely
-Schrodienger
-Chadwick
-Femming
-Millikan
-Fermi


- Why were they vital to the development of the atom?
-John Dalton(1803): Developed atomic theory stated that matter is compossed of atoms of differing weights and combine in simple ratios by weight.
-J.J Thomson(1898): First to discover the electron.
-Ernest Rutherford(1909-1911): Came up with a theory of the structure of the atom and first to discover the proton.
-Neils Bohr(1913): Made numerous contributions to the understanding of atomic structure and quantum mechanics.
-Lavosier(1777): Clarified the concept that an element cannot be broken down by chemical analysis, also devised a theory of the formation of chemical compounds from elements.
-Democritus(442B.C.): Developed atomic theory of the universe, consisted of modern principles of conservation of energy and irreducibility of matter.
-Curie(1898): Curie and his wife stated that radioactive materials cause atoms to break down releasing radiation in the form of energy.
-Mosely(1887-1915): Helped contribute to the development of the periodic table.
-Schrodienger(1926): explained the movement of an electron in an atom as a wave.
-Chadwick(1931): First to discover the neutron and measured the energy of protons emerging from hydrogen atoms.
-Flemming(1881-1955): Contributions in the medical field discovered many antibiotics including Penicillin.
-Millikan(1908-1917): Dealt with
fundamental constituents of the universe, the forces they exert on one another, and the results produced by these forces.
-Fermi(1901-1954): Discovered new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation supervised the design and assembly of an atomic pile known today as a "nuclear reactor".

-What made them different if anything?
- All of these scientists made a new discovery by either coming up with their own theory and testing it until they prove it to be true and make it a law or by using a previous theory from another scientist and just modifying it a little or even a lot to make it more accurate and to prove them as laws and get the credit for it. A lot of times, scientists will take a theory and use the findings of another scientist and do their own experimenting then compare and contribute what they find to help in the understanding of the theory.

- Think about your lessons in history and discuss how the time period that they lived in determined the outcome of their discovery/ or how it influenced those individuals to be the names that we know today (aka did it matter where they grew up or if they had money?)
- The time period in which the scientist lived may have affected the outcome to an extent, but for the most part the only limitation of earlier time periods was the technology. Although there wasn't as much technology available, there are scientists from earlier time periods who discovered and contributed more than scientists in a more advanced time period. For example John Dalton developed the atomic theory in 1803 and Neils Bohr contributed to the understanding of the atomic structure in 1913, John Dalton was from a much earlier time but what he discovered was the base of the discovery and understanding of the atom and without him Bohr's discovery wouldn't have happened.

- Why do we consider the atomic theory still a theory? What are the new developments-
- The atomic theory is still considered a theory because it has not been proven true every single time it is tested, therefore it cannot be created into a law. There have been multiple new developments of the atomic theory as shown in the following website:
http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/intro/AT.html

- Why does it matter that we understand the structure of the atom?
- It is important that we understand the structure of the atom because this entire world is composed of atoms, it is what we are and what everything around us is made up of. The understanding of the atom helps us to break down everything in life and realize how things work and what they are made up of.

Tabatha Secrease

Mat Groh's Post - 1st period

The scientists who contriubted to the discovery of the atom include: Democritus, John Dalton, J.J. Thompson, Rutherford, and Chadwick. All of their ideas came together and created what we call the atom.-Democritus- was the first to come up with the term "atom". He stated that matter consisted of tiny particles that he named atom which comes from two Greek words meening invincible.- John Dalton- conducted a series of expirements and realized that these "atoms" had a definite composition by weight. Dalton then came up with a theory:Dalton’s Atomic Theory1. All matter is composed of very small indivisible particles called atoms2. Atoms of the same element are alike in weight and other properties. Atoms of different elements are different in weight and other properties.3. Compounds are formed by the union or separation of definite numbers of atoms4. Atoms do not divide in chemical reactions; only whole atoms unite with other atoms.Dalton combined his studies with another chemist named Proust to come up with the Law of Definite Proportions. Dalton’s Theory also proves the law of conservation of mass which had previously been stated by Lavoisier.- J.J. Thompson: discovered the electron in 1895.- Chadwick: discovered the neutron.- Rutherford: discovered the proton.-Bohr helped discover one of the three atomic models along with Rutherford and J.J. Thompson.The difference between all of these scientists was that they were all aiming for different goals; however, they had to find new discoveries based on ones already found. For example, using the Gold Foil experiement and experiments conducted by Lavosier, they were able to come up with 3 atomic models. This was very impressive because the microscope was not yet invented and the atom is not able to be seen with the human eye.The place in which each of these scientists grew up and were raised has no effect on the discoveries that they made. One could come from a poor family living on a farm which much of the scientists mentioned above did, but that did not stop them from making one of the biggest discoveries in the world.The atomic theory is only a theory, and not a law because it has not been proven correct every single time that it has been tested. Atoms are indivisible under a nuclear change and the results vary. New discoveries state that on a smaller scale the atomic nucleus is being studied in order to determine the details of its structure and to develop sources of energy from nuclear fission and fusion, for the atom is not at all indivisible, as the ancient philosophers thought, but can undergo a number of possible changes.It is important that we understand the structure of the atom becuase it will enable us to know more about the world around us and to come up with new inventions such as the atomic bomb and many more.

Beginnings of chemistry

1803 - John Dalton - Atomic Theory

[Image]


  1. Matter is made up of indivisible atoms.
  2. All atoms of an element are identical.
  3. Atoms are neither created nor destroyed.
  4. Atoms of different elements have different weights and chemical properties.
  5. Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole numbers to form compounds

1897 - J.J. Thompson

  • Found that cathode rays could be deflected by an electric field
  • Showed that cathode "rays" were actually particles
  • Found the charge to mass ratio of the particles to be approximately
    108 Coulomb (C) per gram.

  • Same charge to mass ratio regardless of metal used for cathode/anode
    or gas used to fill the tube.

  • Conclusion: Particles were a universal component of matter.

  • Electron - (originally called corpuscles by Thompson) particles
    given off by the cathode; fundamental unit of negative electricity

  • Raisin Pudding Model -

    • Matter is electrically neutral and electrons are much lighter than atoms.

    • Conclusion: There must be positively charged
      particles which also must carry the mass of the
      atom. Dalton's model is now incorrect because
      atoms are divisible.

Raisin Pudding Model


Studied absorption of radioactivity.
  • Alpha radiation - positive charge - absorbed by a few hundredths of a cm or metal foil
  • Beta radiation - negative charge - could pass through 100x as much foil before it was absorbed

  • Gamma rays - no charge - could penetrate several cm of lead

    1932 - James Chadwick

    • Proved that neutrons, neutral particles in the nucleus that made up approximately
      half the mass of an atom, did exist.

    Summary of Subatomic Particles

    Particle

    Symbol

    Charge

    Mass

    Electron

    e-

    -1

    0.0005486 amu

    Proton

    p+

    +1

    1.007276 amu

    Neutron

    n

    0

    1.008665 amu

    Atomic Rules

    • The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is equal to the atomic number (Z).
    • In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons.
    • The mass number (M) of an atom is equal to the sum of the number of
      protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
    • The number of neutrons is equal to the difference between the mass number (M)
      and the atomic number (Z).

    [Image]

    Atomic number: protons (and electrons if neutral)

    Mass number: protons + neutrons (neutrons = mass number - atomic number)


It matters that we know the structure of the atom because understanding the characteristics of atoms gives us information of how they are classified with other elements. Another reason why we should know what they are is because we are made up of them.



The atomic theory is still considered a theory because the atom is indivisible under a nuclear change. There is a theory for the atom called the Modern Atomic Theory which really only changes the Dalton's Atomic Theory from all matter is composed of very small indivisible particles called atoms to all matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms and each atom is made up of smaller subatomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons.

The main scientists that contributed to the discovery of the atom were Rutherford, Niels Bohr, J.J. Thompson, Dmitri Mendeleev, and John Dalton.

Rutherford is well known for the experiment that he performed which was called the Gold Foil Experiment.

Niels Bohr described that all electrons rotated around the nucleus of an atom. He also made the Bohr Atomic Model which said that atoms take in and give out radiation when electrons jump between allowed or stationary states.

J.J. Thompson discovered the electron and used the model of someone stirring pudding with chocolate chips in as an example of an atom.

Dmitri Mendeleev was the one who came up with the organization of periodic table.

John Dalton was the scientist who came up with 5 theories about the atom which were:

  • All atoms of a given element are identical.
  • Elements are composed of atoms.
  • Atoms of different elements can be distinguished from one another by their relative weights.
  • Atoms can combine to form a compound.
  • Atoms can neither be created nor destroyed, but divided into smaller particles.

John Dalton was the earliest scientist to make a theory about the atom, and that was in the year of 1803.

Dmitri Mendeleev was the second scientist to make his theory, and that was in 1869.

J.J. Thompson was the third scientist that made is theory, and this was in the year of 1898.

Rutherford was the fourth scientist to make a theory, and this was in the year of 1911.

The last scientist to make his theory about the atom was Niels Bohr in 1913.

As you can see there was a pretty good length between all these theories of the atom. During this early time the equipment they hade wasn't very advanced making their work not exactly correct all the time.

It’s important that we know the structure of the atom because understanding the characteristics of atoms gives us information of how they are classified with other elements.

The main people involved with the atom would have to be Democritus, John Dalton, and Lavosier. Democritus states that all matter is composed of tiny indestructiable units called atoms. With Democritus then knowing (or hypothesizing) that everything is made up of tiny atoms leaves room for other scientist then to come up with there own ideas that usually always pertain to Democritus's theory. Then Lavosier found out that the element is the simpliest substance and cannot be broken down any further. He also stated that element react with eachother in the same proportions and therefore called that compounds. All of Lavosiers findings with the careful measurements and use of elements then helped Dalton. Such as Dalton stating that you could distinguish the weight diffrence between diffrent elements. Dalton then states that all matter is composed of atoms going back to what Democritus first states.

I do not really see any diffrences between these scientist. They all seem to work off of whatever the scientist before them has stopped at.

It is called the "atomic theory" because we are still learning new things about the atom and how it works. The theory simply means that its a plausible or scientifically acceptable general principle or body of principles offered to explain phenomena. http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/afp/atom-smasher-scientists-spot-potential-new-discovery-cern/397426 at this website it tells about the latest thing they have done with the atom to help learn about the universe.

The reason we should know about the atom is because it can help us learn about diffrent things such as the universe. It shows us that even the tiniest thing the atom is made up of diffrent parts neutrons, electrons, and protons.

Sunday, September 26, 2010

The scientists who contriubted to the discovery of the atom include: Democritus, John Dalton, J.J. Thompson, Rutherford, and Chadwick. All of their ideas came together and created what we call the atom.
-Democritus- was the first to come up with the term "atom". He stated that matter consisted of tiny particles that he named atom which comes from two Greek words meening invincible.
- John Dalton- conducted a series of expirements and realized that these "atoms" had a definite composition by weight. Dalton then came up with a theory:
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
1. All matter is composed of very small indivisible particles called atoms
2. Atoms of the same element are alike in weight and other properties. Atoms
of different elements are different in weight and other properties.
3. Compounds are formed by the union or separation of definite numbers of atoms
4. Atoms do not divide in chemical reactions; only whole atoms unite with other atoms.
Dalton combined his studies with another chemist named Proust to come up with the Law of Definite Proportions. Dalton’s Theory also proves the law of conservation of mass which had previously been stated by Lavoisier.
- J.J. Thompson: discovered the electron in 1895.
- Chadwick: discovered the neutron.
- Rutherford: discovered the proton.
-Bohr helped discover one of the three atomic models along with Rutherford and J.J. Thompson.

The difference between all of these scientists was that they were all aiming for different goals; however, they had to find new discoveries based on ones already found. For example, using the Gold Foil experiement and experiments conducted by Lavosier, they were able to come up with 3 atomic models. This was very impressive because the microscope was not yet invented and the atom is not able to be seen with the human eye.
The place in which each of these scientists grew up and were raised has no effect on the discoveries that they made. One could come from a poor family living on a farm which much of the scientists mentioned above did, but that did not stop them from making one of the biggest discoveries in the world.

The atomic theory is only a theory, and not a law because it has not been proven correct every single time that it has been tested. Atoms are indivisible under a nuclear change and the results vary. New discoveries state that on a smaller scale the atomic nucleus is being studied in order to determine the details of its structure and to develop sources of energy from nuclear fission and fusion, for the atom is not at all indivisible, as the ancient philosophers thought, but can undergo a number of possible changes.

It is important that we understand the structure of the atom becuase it will enable us to know more about the world around us and to come up with new inventions such as the atomic bomb and many more.
The main scientists that contributed to the discovery of the atom were Rutherford, Niels Bohr, J.J. Thompson, Dmitri Mendeleev, and John Dalton.
Rutherford was famous for the experiment that he performed which was called the gold foil experiment which Rossboss has described so well in class on friday so sorry for the people who don't know what it is.
Niels Bohr described that all electrons rotated around the nucleus of an atom. He also made the Bohr atomic model which said that atoms take in and give out radiation when electrons jump between allowed, or stationary states.
J.J. Thompson discovered the electron and used the model of someone sturring pudding with chocolate chips in at as an example of an atom.
Dmitri Mendeleev was the one who came up with the periodic table.
John Dalton was the scientist who came up with 5 theories about the atom which were:
  • All atoms of a given element are identical.
  • Elements are composed of atoms.
  • Atoms of different elements can be distinguished from one another by their relative weights.
  • Atoms can combine to form a compound.
  • Atoms can neither be created nor destroyed, but divided into smaller particles.

John Dalton was the earliest scientist to make a theory about the atom, and that was in the year of 1803.

Dmitri Mendeleev was the second scientist to make his theory, and that was in 1869.

J.J. Thompson was the third scientist that made is theory, and this was in the year of 1898.

Rutherford was the fourth scientist to make a theory, and this was in the year of 1911.

The last scientist to make his theory about the atom was Niels Bohr in 1913.

As you can see there was a pretty good length between all these theories of the atom. During this early time the equipment they hade wasn't very advanced making their work not exactly correct all the time.

For example John Dalton's atomic theory isn't very precise at all because not all of his thoughts and ideas are scientifically proven.

It matters that we know the structure of the atom because understanding the characteristics of atoms gives us information of how they are classified with other elements. Another reason why we should know what they are is because we are made up of them.

Saturday, September 25, 2010

shykelley13-The Atom

The main contributors in the discovery of the atom were Democritus, Dalton (came up with the atomic theory), J.J. Thompson (discovered the electron), Chadwick (discovered the neutron), and Rutherford (discovered the proton).
These scientists were vital to the structure of the atom because through their experiments such as the Gold Foil experiment and Lavosier's Experiment they were able to create the three atomic models: Bohr, Thompson, and Rutherford Models which helped people better understand the structure of the atom.
The differences of these scientists are that they were able to think without having tangible objects to work with because the parts of the atom are not seen with the human eye. Because at the time of these scientists' discoveries, there was not a microscope that could see all of the components in an atom.
It is not the places that the scientists live that affect how they became who they are today it is the education or the way that they chose to learn because a person born to a family who works in the fields can be just as famous scientifically as someone who is born to a wealthy family. It is the opportunities that determine the outcomes of these scientists.
The atomic theory is still considered a theory because the atom is indivisible under a nuclear change. There is a theory for the atom called the Modern Atomic Theory which really only changes the Dalton's Atomic Theory from all matter is composed of very small indivisible particles called atoms to all matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms and each atom is made up of smaller subatomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons.
It matters that we know the structure of the atom because understanding the characteristics of atoms and how they are set up will reveal why each atom is able to combine with another atom or element because of the number of electrons. The number of valence electrons determine how they can react with other elements.

Thursday, September 2, 2010

Beginning of Chemistry

ROESSBOSS's

So we have been discussing the beginnings of the atom, and now I want to know what you think.

-who were the main characters in the development of the atom

- Why were they vital to the development of the atom

_ what made them differnt if anything

- Think about your lessons in history and discuss how the time period that they lived in determined the outcome of their discovery/ or how it influenced those individuals to be the names that we know today (aka did it matter where they grew up or if they had money?)

- Why do we consider the atomic theory still a theory? What are the new developments- would love for you to share new sources here about what you find

- Why does it matter that we understand the structure of the atom


Hey ya'll you have to post your thoughts, then you have to respond to a post from one of your classmates!

Due Date? Week of 9/20-9/24 depending on the day Chemistry sets- that includes your post and and a response to a classmate